A.S. Roma
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| Full name | Associazione Sportiva Roma SpA | |||
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| Nickname(s) | i Giallorossi (The Yellow-Reds) La Maggica (The Magic One) i Lupi (The Wolves) |
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| Founded | 22 July 1927 (by Italo Foschi) |
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| Ground | Stadio Olimpico Rome, Italy (Capacity: 72,698) |
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| President | Rosella Sensi | |||
| Manager | Claudio Ranieri | |||
| League | Serie A | |||
| 2009–10 | Serie A, 2nd | |||
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 Current season |
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Associazione Sportiva Roma, (BIT: ASR, LSE: 0DMN) commonly referred to as simply Roma, is an Italian professional football club from Rome. Founded by a merger in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence bar one season in the early 50s (1951–52). For their 59th season in a row (78th overall), Roma are competing in Serie A for 2010–11.
Roma have won Serie A three times, first in 1941–42 then in 1982–83 and again in 2000–01, as well as winning nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. On the European stage Roma won an Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960–61, coming close to European Cup glory in 1983–84 (lost the one-legged final played at home against Liverpool after a penalty shootout), and finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup for 1990–91 (two-legged aggregate defeat against Internazionale).
Home games are currently played at the Stadio Olimpico, a venue they share with city rivals Lazio. With a capacity of over 72,000, it is the second largest of its kind in Italy, with only San Siro able to seat more. In September 2009 the club unveiled plans to build a new 55,000-capacity stadium in the western suburbs of Rome. Its design will be modeled after English football stadiums with the objective being to give fans a closer view of the pitch.[1]
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History
A.S. Roma was founded in the summer of 1927 by Italo Foschi,[2] who initiated the merger of three older Italian Football Championship clubs from the city of Rome; Roman FC, SS Alba-Audace and Fortitudo-Pro Roma SGS.[2] The purpose of the merger was to give the Eternal City a strong club to rival that of the more dominant Northern Italian clubs of the time.[2] The only major Roman club to resist the merger was S.S. Lazio because of the intervention of the Fascist Militia General Vaccaro, member of the club and executive of Italian Football Federation. The club played its earliest seasons at the Motovelodromo Appio stadium,[3] before settling in the working-class streets of Testaccio, where it built an all-wooden ground Campo Testaccio; this was opened in November 1929.[4] An early season in which Roma made a large mark was the 1930–31 championship, the club finished as runners-up behind Juventus.[5] Captain Attilio Ferraris along with Guido Masetti, Fulvio Bernardini and Rodolfo Volk were highly important players during this period.[6]
First title victory and decline
After a slump in league form and the departure of high key players, Roma eventually rebuilt their squad adding goalscorers such as the Argentine Enrique Guaita.[7] Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935–36; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.[8]
Roma returned to form after being inconsistent for much of the late 1930s; Roma recorded an unexpected title triumph in the 1941–42 season by winning their first ever scudetto title.[9] The eighteen goals scored by local player Amedeo Amadei were essential to the Alfréd Schaffer coached Roma side winning the title. At the time Italy was involved in World War II and Roma were playing at the Stadio del Partito Nazionale Fascista.[10]
In the years just after the war, Roma were unable to recapture their league stature from the early 1940s. Roma finished in the lower half of Serie A for five seasons in a row, before eventually succumbing to their only ever relegation to Serie B at the end of the 1950–51 season;[5][11] around a decade after their championship victory. Under future national team manager Giuseppe Viani, promotion straight back up was achieved.[12]
After returning to the Serie A, Roma managed to stabilise themselves as a top half club again with players such as Egisto Pandolfini, Dino Da Costa and Dane Helge Bronée.[5] Their best finish of this period was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver, when in 1954–55 they finished as runners-up, after Udinese who originally finished second were relegated for corruption.[5] Although Roma were unable to break into the top four during the following decade, they did achieve some measure of cup success. Their first honour outside of Italy was recorded in 1960–61 when Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by beating Birmingham City 4–2 in the finals.[13] A few years later Roma won their first Coppa Italia trophy in 1963–64, by beating Torino 1–0.[14]
Their lowest point came during the 1964–65 season when manager Juan Carlos Lorenzo announced that the club could not pay its players and was unlikely to be able to afford to travel to Vicenza to fulfil its next fixture. Supporters kept the club going with a fundraiser at the Sistine Theatre and bankruptcy was avoided with the election of a new club president Franco Evangelisti.
Their second Coppa Italia trophy was won in 1968–69 when it was competed in a small league like system.[14] Giacomo Losi set a Roma appearance record during 1969 with 450 appearances in all competitions, the record he set would last for 38 years.[15]
Time of mixed fortunes
Roma were able to add another cup to their collection in 1972, with a 3–1 victory over Blackpool in the Anglo-Italian Cup.[16] During much of the 1970s Roma's appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic. The best place the club were able to achieve during the decade was third in 1974–75.[5] Notable players who turned out for the club during this period included midfielders Giancarlo De Sisti and Francesco Rocca.
The dawning of a newly successful era in Roma's footballing history was brought in with another Coppa Italia victory, they beat Torino on penalties to win the 1979–80 cup.[14] Roma would reach heights in the league which they had not touched since the 1940s by narrowly and controversially finishing as runners-up to Juventus in 1980–81.[17] Former Milan player Nils Liedholm was the manager at the time, with prominent players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcão.[18]
The second scudetto did not elude Roma for much longer; in 1982–83 the Roman club won the title for the first time in 41 years, amidst joyous celebrations in the capital.[19] The following season Roma finished as runners-up in Italy[5] and collected a Coppa Italia title,[14] they also finished as runners-up in the European Cup final of 1984.[20] The European Cup final with Liverpool ended in a 1–1 draw with a goal from Pruzzo, but Roma eventually lost the penalty shoot-out.[20] Roma's successful run in the 1980s would finish with a runners-up spot in 1985–86[5] and a Coppa Italia victory, beating out Sampdoria 3–2.[14]
After that a comparative decline began in the league, one of the few league highs from the following period was a third place finish in 1987–88.[5] At the start of the 1990s the club was involved in an all-Italian UEFA Cup final, where they lost 2–1 to Internazionale in 1991;[21] the same season the club won its seventh Coppa Italia trophy[14] and ended runners-up to Sampdoria in the Supercoppa Italiana. Aside from finishing runners-up to Torino in a Coppa Italia final,[14] the rest of the decade was largely sub-par in the history of Roma; especially in the league where the highest they could manage was fourth in 1997–98.[5] The early 1990s also saw the emergence of homegrown striker Francesco Totti who would go on to be an important member of the team and the club's iconic captain.
In the new millennium
A decade of glory (2000–2010)
Roma returned to form in the 2000s, starting the decade in great style by winning their third ever Serie A title in 2000–01; the scudetto was won on the last day of the season by beating Parma 3–1, edging out Juventus by two points.[5] The club's captain, Francesco Totti was a large reason for the title victory and he would become one of the main heroes in the club's history,[18] going on to break several club records.[18] Other important players during this period included Aldair, Cafu, Gabriel Batistuta, and Vincenzo Montella.[22]
The club attempted to defend the title in the following season but ended as runners-up to Juventus by just one point.[5] This would be the start of Roma finishing as runners-up many times in both Serie A and Coppa Italia during the 2000s; they lost out 4–2 to AC Milan in the Coppa Italia final of 2003[14] and lost out to Milan again by finishing second in Serie A for the 2003–04 season.[5]
A Serie A scandal was revealed during 2006 and Roma were one of the teams not involved; after punishments were handed out, Roma was re-classified as runners-up for 2005–06;[23] the same season in which they finished second in the Coppa Italia losing to Internazionale.[14] In the two following seasons, Roma finished as Serie A runners-up, meaning that in the 2000s Roma have finished in the top two positions more than any other decade in their history.[24] Meanwhile in the UEFA Champions League during both of these seasons, they reached the quarter-finals before going out to Manchester United. Despite the sloppy start in UEFA Champions League 2008–09, Roma managed to reach the knockout stage ahead of Chelsea in their group, thus finishing for the first time in their history as winners of the group stage. However, the Giallorossi would lose to Arsenal in the knockout stage on penalty kicks, ending their Champions League campaign.
After a disappointing start to the 2009–2010 season, Claudio Ranieri replaced Luciano Spalletti as head coach. At the time of the switch, Roma lay bottom of the Serie A table after losses to Juventus and Genoa. Despite this setback, Roma would later embark on an incredible unbeaten streak of 24 matches in the league - with the last of the 24 being a 2-1 win over rivals Lazio, whereby Roma came from 1-0 down at half-time to defeat their city rivals after Ranieri courageously substituted both Totti and De Rossi at the interval.[25] The Giallorossi were on top of the table at one point, before a loss to U.C. Sampdoria later in the season. Roma would finish runners-up to Inter yet again in both Serie A and the Coppa Italia.
Presidential history
Roma have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been honorary presidents. Franco Sensi was the chairman until his death in 2008, with his daughter Rosella Sensi in place as honorary president.[26] Here is a complete list of Roma presidents from 1927 until the present day.[26]
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Managerial history
Roma have had many managers and trainers running the team during their history, here is a chronological list of them from 1927 onwards.[12]
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Players
Current squad
- As of 28 August 2010[27]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Non-playing staff
| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Head Coach |  Claudio Ranieri |
| Assistant Coach |  Christian Damiano |
| Goalkeeping Coach | Giorgio Pellizzaro |
| Technical assistant | Paolo Benetti |
| Physical fitness Coach | Vito Scala |
| Physical fitness Coach | Riccardo Capanna |
| Head of health staff | Vincenzo Affinito |
| Masseur | Giorgio Rossi |
| Director for Referees | Vittorio Benedetti |
| Team Manager | Salvatore Scaglia |
Last updated: 2 September 2009
Source: AS Roma Official Website
Retired numbers
6 – 
Aldair, Centre back, 1990–03[18]
Players
Also see A.S. Roma and the Italian national football team.
Club statistics and records
Francesco Totti holds Roma's official appearance record, having made 496 (as of March 2008) appearances in all competitions, over the course of 15 seasons from 1992 until the present day.[28] He also holds the record for Serie A appearances with 388, as he passed Giacomo Losi on March 1, 2008, during a home match against Parma.[29]
Including all competitions, Francesco Totti is the all-time leading goalscorer for Roma, with 188 goals since joining the club, 151 of which were scored in Serie A (another Roma record).[28] Roberto Pruzzo, who was the all-time topscorer since 1988 comes in second in all competitions with 136. In the 1930–31 season, Rodolfo Volk scored 29 goals in Serie A over the course of a single season, not only was he the league's topscorer that year, but he set a Roma record for most goals scored in a season, which still lasts today.[28]
Its major founders Fortitudo and Alba having been relegated at the end of 1926–27 campaign, new-founded Roma had to take part to Southern First Division championship (Serie B) for its inaugural season; nevertheless FIGC decided a special enlargement of first level division re-admitting AS Roma as SSC Napoli. The first ever official game participated in by Roma was in the National Division, the predecessor of Serie A, of 1927–28, against Livorno; Roma won 2–0.[30] The biggest ever victory recorded by Roma was 9–0 against Cremonese during the Serie A season of 1929–30.[28] The highest defeat Roma have ever suffered is 7–1, this has happened three times; first against Juventus during 1931–32, then against Torino in 1947–48 and most recently against Manchester United in 2006–07.[28]
Colours, badge and nicknames
Roma's colours of maroon red with a golden yellow trim represents the traditional colours of the Eternal City, the official seal of the Comune di Roma features the same colours.[31] The gold symbolizes God in Roman Catholicism,[32] while the maroon represents imperial dignity.[33] White shorts and black socks are usually worn with the maroon red shirt, however in particularly high key games the shorts and socks are the same colour as the home shirt.[34]
The kit itself was originally worn by Roman Football Club; one of the three clubs who merged to form the current incarnation in 1927.[35] Because of the colours they wear, Roma are often nicknamed i giallorossi meaning the yellow-reds.[36] Roma's away kit is traditionally white, with a third kit changing colour from time to time.
Maybe because of modern sport marketing, the last few years have seen the golden trim and details substituted by light orange. Modern alternate kits have included all orange and orange-maroon versions.
A popular nickname for the club is i lupi (the wolves), the animal has always featured on the club's badge in different forms throughout their history. Currently the emblem of the team is the one which was used when the club was first founded. It portrays the female wolf with the two infant brothers Romulus and Remus, illustrating the myth of the creation of Rome,[37] superimposed on a bipartite golden yellow over maroon red shield.[38]
In the myth from which the club take their nickname and logo, the twins (sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia) are thrown into the River Tiber by their uncle Amulius, a she-wolf saved the twins and looked after them.[37] Eventually the two twins took revenge on Amulius, before falling out themselves; Romulus killed Remus and as thus was made king of a new city named in his honour, Rome.[37]
Shirt sponsors and manufacturers
| Period | Kit manufacturer | Shirt sponsor[39] |
|---|---|---|
| 1970–71 | Lacoste | None |
| 1972–76 | None | |
| 1977–79 | Adidas | |
| 1979–80 | Pouchain | |
| 1980–81 | Playground | |
| 1981–82 | Barilla (Pasta) | |
| 1982–83 | Patrick | |
| 1983–86 | Kappa | |
| 1986–91 | NR | |
| 1991–94 | Adidas | |
| 1994–95 | Asics | Nuova Tirrena (Insurance) |
| 1995–97 | INA Assitalia (Insurance) | |
| 1997–00 | Diadora | |
| 2000–02 | Kappa | |
| 2002–03 | Mazda (Automobile) | |
| 2003–05 | Diadora | |
| 2005–06 | Banca Italease (Banking Group) | |
| 2006–07 | None | |
| 2007– | Kappa | WIND (Telecommunication) |
Supporters and rivalries
Roma is the fifth most supported football club in Italy behind Juventus, Internazionale, Milan and Napoli with around 6% of Italian football fans supporting the club (according to the Doxa Institute-L'Espresso’s research of April 2006).[40] Historically the largest section of Roma supporters in the city of Rome have come from the inner-city, especially Testaccio.[4]
The traditional ultras group of the club was Commando Ultrà Curva Sud[41] commonly abbreviated as CUCS; this group was founded by the merger of many smallers groups and was considered one of the most historic in the history of European football.[41] However, by the mid-1990s CUCS had been usurped by rival factions and ultimately broke up. Since that time, the Curva Sud of the Stadio Olimpico has been controlled by more right-wing groups;[41] A.S. Roma Ultras, Boys, Giovinezza and others. The oldest group Fedayn is apolitical however and politics is not the raison d'être of Roma, just a part of their overall identity. In September 2009 the club unveiled plans to build a new 55,000-capacity stadium in Rome's western suburbs.[42]
The most known club anthem and motto is Roma,Roma,Roma[43] by local singer Antonello Venditti. The title roughly means "Roma is not to be questioned, it is to be loved" and is sung before each match, the song Grazie Roma, by the same singer, is played at the end of victorious home games. Recently, the main riff of The White Stripes song Seven Nation Army has also become widely popular at games.[44]
In Italian football Roma are a club with many rivalries; first and foremost is their rivalry with Lazio, the club who they share the Stadio Olimpico stadium with. The derby between the two is called the Derby della Capitale, it is amongst the most heated and emotional footballing rivalries in the world. The fixture has seen some occasional instances of violence in the past including the death of Lazio fan, Vincenzo Paparelli in 1979–80 as a result of an emergency flare fired from the Curva Sud,[45] and the abandonment of a game in 2003, following unfounded rumours of a fatality which led to violence outside the stadium.[46]
With Napoli, Roma also compete in the Derby del Sole rivalry meaning the "Derby of the Sun".[47] Nowadays fans also consider other Serie A giants like Juventus, Milan and Internazionale among their rivals as these four compete for the top four spots in the league table to secure a spot in the Champions League.[41]
Conflict with English fans
There have been a number of instances of conflict in recent years between some Roma supporters and fans of English clubs, pointing to an apparent dislike for English fans in some Giallorossi supporters.[48] One reason forwarded for this is the defeat to Liverpool in the 1984 European Cup Final at the Stadio Olimpico,[48] and the subsequent violence outside the stadium which saw a number of Liverpool fans stabbed.[49] Since then, there have been further instances of some English supporters being attacked and stabbed in Rome, including incidents in 2001 when Liverpool visited Roma twice and subsequent clashes with Middlesbrough fans in 2006 and Manchester United fans in 2007. In March 2009, a coach carrying Arsenal supporters was attacked by a group of Roma "Ultras" just outside the Stadio Olimpico. The coach's windows were smashed and at least one person entered the vehicle, letting off a flare and "allegedly" stabbing a supporter in the knee.[49] [50] Arsenal had posted advice to their fans on how to avoid routes taken by Roma Ultras.[51]
Honours
National titles
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- Winners (3): 1941–42; 1982–83; 2000–01
- Runners-up (11): 1930–31; 1935–36; 1980–81; 1983–84; 1985–86; 2001–02; 2003–04; 2005–06; 2006–07; 2007–08; 2009–10
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- Winners (9): 1963–64; 1968–69; 1979–80; 1980–81; 1983–84; 1985–86; 1990–91; 2006–07; 2007–08
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- Runners-up (7): 1936–37; 1940–41; 1992–93; 2002–03; 2004–05; 2005–06; 2009–10
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- Winners (2): 2001; 2007
- Runners-up (4): 1991; 2006; 2008; 2010
European titles
European Cup / UEFA Champions League:
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- Runners-up (1): 1983–84
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
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- Runners-up (1): 1990–91
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- Winners (1): 1960–61
Minor titles
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- Winners (1): 1951–52
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- Winners (1): 1971–72
Anglo-Italian League Cup:
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- Runners-up (1): 1969
Associazione Sportiva Roma as a company
Since 1999, during Franco Sensi's period in charge, Associazione Sportiva Roma has been a joint stock company. Currently Roma's shares are distributed between; 67.1% to Compagnia Italpetroli SpA (the Sensi family holding), 2.7% to Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, 2.5% to Danilo Coppola and 27.7% to other shareholders.[52]
Along with Lazio and Juventus, i Lupi is one of only three Italian clubs quotated in Borsa Italiana (Italian stock exchange). According to The Football Money League published by consultants Deloitte, in the season 2005–06, Roma was the twelfth highest earning football club in the world with an estimated revenue of €127 million.[53]
In April 2008, after months of speculation, George Soros was confirmed by Rosella Sensi, CEO of Italian Serie A association football club A.S. Roma, to be bidding for a takeover.[54] The takeover bid was successively rejected by the Sensi family, who instead preferred to maintain the club's ownership. On August 17, 2008 club chairman and owner Franco Sensi died after a long illness; his place at the chairmanship of the club was successively taken by his daughter Rosella.
Superleague Formula
A.S. Roma has a team in the new Superleague Formula race car series where teams are sponsored by football clubs. A.S. Roma's current driver is ex IndyCar Series driver Franck Perera. The team has posted 3 podiums and is currently operated by Alan Docking Racing
References
- ↑ "Roma stadium to be inspired by English Model". soccernet.com. 29 September 2009. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=680854&cc=3888.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "La Storia". ASRoma.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.asroma.it/DocList.aspx?Categoria=42.
- ↑ "A.S. Roma". AlbionRoad.com. 24 June 2007. http://albionroad.com/club-profiles/roma.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Campo Testaccio". Viva la Roma. 24 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=campo_testaccio.htm.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Modena, Panini Edizioni (2005). Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio – La Storia 1898–2004.
- ↑ "Attilio Ferraris". Viva la Roma. 24 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=ferraris.htm.
- ↑ "Tutti i calciatori dell'A.S. Roma". Viva la Roma. 24 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=calciatoriG.htm.
- ↑ "1935–'36: Io Faccio I Gol Non La Guerra!". ASRomaUltras.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.asromaultras.it/35-36.html.
- ↑ "Campionato 1941–42 – Roma campione d'Italia". ASRTalenti. 24 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=campionato4142.htm.
- ↑ "I Campi da Gioco". ASRomaUltras.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.asromaultras.it/soprannomi.html.
- ↑ "Italy 1951–52 – Serie B". RSSSF.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/ital52.html.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Gli Allenatori dell'A.S. Roma dal 1927 al Oggi". Viva la Roma. 24 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=allenatori.htm.
- ↑ "Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1960–61". RSSSF.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec196061.html#icfc.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 "TIM Cup – Coppa Italia". Vilacom Sports. 24 June 2007. http://www.vilacom.net/football/coppa.php.
- ↑ "Rekordok, statisztikák". ASRoma Hunsports. 24 June 2007. http://asroma.hunsport.hu/?us=23.
- ↑ "Anglo-Italian Cup 1972". RSSSF.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/angloit72.html.
- ↑ "Roma – Juventus: A Historical Look". Goal.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=420526.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 "A.S. Roma Legends". LaRoma-Online.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.laroma-online.com/3.html.
- ↑ "Campionato Serie A – Albo D'oro". Lega Calcio. http://www.lega-calcio.it/ita/atim_albo.shtml. Retrieved August 2007.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Season 1983–84". European Cup History. 24 June 2007. http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html.
- ↑ "Roma – Inter: A Historical Look". Goal.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=428273.
- ↑ "A.S. Roma 2000–2001". Italica RAI. 24 June 2007. http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/argomenti/altro/calcio/roma/roma.htm.
- ↑ "Punishments cut for Italian clubs". London: BBC.co.uk. 24 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/5215178.stm. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ↑ "Serie A 2006–07". Gazzetta.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.gazzetta.it/Speciali/serie_a_2007/index.shtml.
- ↑ http://roma.theoffside.com/team-news/a-tribute-to-claudio-ranieris-coconuts.html
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "I presidenti dell'A.S. Roma dall 1927 ad oggi". Viva la Roma. 8 June 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=presidenti.htm.
- ↑ "LA ROSA 2009/2010". AS Roma. http://www.asroma.it/LaSquadraList.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 "FC Shakhtar Donetsk v A.S. Roma" (PDF). UEFA. June 24, 2007. http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/ucl/2006/e/e_1116385_pk.pdf.
- ↑ "Comedy of errors helps Roma keep title hopes alive". Yahoo! Sports. March 1, 2008. http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080301/sp_soccer_afp/fblita.
- ↑ "Campionato 1928–29 A.S. Roma". ASRTalenti. June 24, 2007. http://www.asrtalenti.altervista.org/index.php?a=campionato2829.htm.
- ↑ "Stemma Comune di Roma". Comuni-Italiani. 24 June 2007. http://www.comuni-italiani.it/058/091/stemma.html.
- ↑ "The Great Household of God". New Foundations. 24 June 2007. http://www.newfoundationspubl.org/househld.htm.
- ↑ "A.S. Roma". 123football.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.123football.com/clubs/italy/roma/index.htm.
- ↑ "Roma – Lazio: February 2006". ViewImages.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.viewimages.com/Search.aspx?mid=56943226&epmid=2&partner=Google.
- ↑ "Il Roman – La storia (tratta da "La Roma")". ASRomaUltras.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.asromaultras.it/roman.html.
- ↑ "A.S. Roma". Football In Italy. 24 June 2007. http://www.footballinitaly.com/roma.html.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 "The Legend of Romulus and Remus". Museums.ncl.ac.uk. 24 June 2007. http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/Reticulum/NORTHERNFRONTIER/WeCameWeSawWeConq/WhereDidTheyComeFrom/Story.htm.
- ↑ "Roma". BrandsoftheWorld.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.brandsoftheworld.com/search/?query_id=21223833&page=2&brand_id=30492.
- ↑ "maglienuova". asromaultras.org. 30 April 2008. http://www.asromaultras.org/maglienuova.html.
- ↑ "L'altra metà del pallone: Supporters of football clubs in Italy". L'Expresso. April 2006. http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio-archivio/163496.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 "Italian Ultras Scene". View from the Terrace. 29 June 2007. http://website.lineone.net/~view_from_the_terrace/italsce.html.
- ↑ Meadows, Mark (Sep 29, 2009). "Soccer-Roma plan new English-style stadium". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssConsumerGoodsAndRetailNews/idUSLT15248220090929.
- ↑ "Roma Profile". Goal.com. April 2006. http://www.goal.com/en-US/Squadra.aspx?IdSquadra=7&SEOTeamName=AS+Roma.
- ↑ "'Seven Nation Army' coro dei tifosi romanisti". Indie-Rock.it. 29 June 2007. http://www.indie-rock.it/news_look.php?id=408.
- ↑ "Ultras History". UltrasLazio.it. 29 June 2007. http://www.ultraslazio.it/ukstory.htm.
- ↑ "22 March: Derby confusion". FootballInRome.co.uk. 29 June 2007. http://www.footballinrome.co.uk/news.html.
- ↑ "Football Derby matches in Italy". FootballDerbies.com. 29 June 2007. http://www.footballderbies.com/index.php?country=2.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Soccer: Roma Therapy". Irish Examiner. 2004-01-07. http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2004/01/07/story931987514.asp. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Times call for final move". 19 March 2009. http://timesonline.typepad.com/thegame/2009/03/ahead-of-the-14.html.
- ↑ "Arsenal fan attacked in Rome". BBC News (London). 12 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7938851.stm. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ↑ "Arsenal warn fans of Roma violence". BBC News (London). 10 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7934399.stm. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ↑ "A.S. Roma SpA Ownership". Consob. 8 June 2007. http://www.consob.it/mainen/issuers/listed_companies/index.html?codconsob=117470.
- ↑ "Real Madrid stays at the top". Deloitte UK. 8 June 2007. http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/press_release/0,1014,sid%253D2834%2526cid%253D145152,00.html.
- ↑ "La stretta finale di Soros distrae lo sprint della Roma" (in Italian). La Gazzetta dello Sport. 2008-04-18. http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Roma/Primo_Piano/2008/04_Aprile/18/puntoroma.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
External links
- Official website (Italian)
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